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Distances to Achieve Prior to your Trip

 

 

 

To swim in open water is a wonderful experience. All we ask is that you are able to keep up a sustained swimming pace for the average daily tour distance (see each trip's tour summary) prior to the start of your tour. To help you achieve this distance as well as to maximise your enjoyment from the tour then check out the pre-tour training plan. The plan will give you weekly distances to attain in the pool.

Swimming in Open Water

Open Water is any naturally occurring body of water - sea, lake or river. To swim in open water can be a wonderful experience as long as proper safety measures are in place. Completing a swim, regardless of distance and time is the important goal. There are four essential requirements in swimming distances of over 1 km.


Ability to swim the distance
Unlike a pool there are no lines on the bottom, no lane ropes and no walls to push off from, all of which ensure that extra distance is covered. The presence of wind leads to choppy and sometimes rough conditions. The water temperature can also reduce swimming speed. All of which can lead to slower crossing times.


General conditions
Open water is exactly that, "Open" Therefore the weather plays a crucial role in determining both the effort required and the ultimate success of the crossing. Crossings are rarely attempted in wind conditions of more than force 5 (Beaufort Scale). Wind direction is also an important consideration when assessing conditions prior to a swim.


Sustaining a good pace
More important than achieving a fast swimming speed for a limited duration is the ability to sustain a consistent swimming pace over the course. This stamina is an important part of any long distance training regime.


Ability to withstand the cold
With most open water swimming, lower body temperatures are experienced on immersion.
After completing a swim, an additional decrease in body temperature may occur. This results from a combination of factors, the cooled blood from the arms and legs returns to the central body and the warm blood from the trunk goes to the extremities which are cool.
Gradual exposure of the body to milder temperatures allows the body to acclimatise. Exposure can be carried out by either increasing the time of immersion or reducing the water temperature.

Swim Training

To enjoy open water swimming requires both swimming training and water temperature acclimatisation.

Swim Training
Obviously open water training is the ideal training medium. However most of us will need to train in pools for the majority, if not all of the time. However whether the training is done in a pool or in open water, the most important aspect is to be able to swim at a sustained pace for the target distance that you ultimately aim to undertake.

 

Types of Training
There are two main components to sustaining a good pace for your target distance. These being Speed and Endurance. To maximise your ability to achieve your target and therefore maximise your enjoyment, you should work on both components.

Speed
Energy is supplied for a short time period and is generally used where the swimming pace is increased: sprinting to shore, holding your breath under waves etc… This involves short swimming distances at higher than usual intensity with long rest periods in-between. Speed training should make up a small part of your training.

Endurance
This should take up the majority of your training as swimming distances over 1 km relies on aerobic capacity (endurance) when swimming at a sustained pace. Typical training includes swimming longer distances at a slower pace.

 

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Distances to Achieve Prior to your Trip

 

 

 

Weekly Training Summary

Please click on "Distances to Achieve Prior to your Trip" (above right) to get weekly training distances for the months leading up to your trip. The table refers to the recommended one-off weekly distance to be achieved in the pool. Additional swimming training throughout the week is obviously recommended.

Keep Training Interesting

It’s important to keep training interesting. Therefore a few suggested ways to mix up your training are suggested.

Alternate the lengths that you swim into fast and slow. This will allow you to work on both your aerobic and anaerobic capacity.
If you don’t do already, try breathing to both sides as you train. This could well be beneficial when you come on the trip.
Swim against the clock! You will then be able to calculate your average swim speed and see if you are able to maintain your speed as the weekly distance increases.
If you are finding it hard to mentally focus on the longer swims then just break the swim into manageable chunks and have a drink at the end of each section.
Use swimming fins and hand paddles, though don’t rely on them!
Vary the location that you are swimming in. A new pool can invigorate training just when it seemed that trotting up and down the same lane was getting boring.
Get a swimming buddy. Just having somebody else in the pool can motivate you to keep going when the going gets tough.
GET OUTDOORS! After all, this is what our SwimTrek trips are all about, so why not train in open water for some of your sessions.

Correct Open Water Swimming Technique

There is a difference in technique when swimming in open water compared to swimming in a pool. The below examples will concentrate on front crawl (FC) and Breaststroke (BS) .

Body Position
To swim long distances, a streamlined body position will markedly reduce your effort over the entire swim. If one part of the body is out of line the drag will increase.
Drill: To optimise your streamlined position try pushing off the wall with your hands by your side, legs apart. Repeat this process by bringing your legs in and your arms in front, on the next drill. Alter body position (e.g. head, hands, feet, legs etc) to achieve the furthest glide. This is therefore your most streamlined position. This can then be incorporated into your current stroke.


Body Roll
(FC only) This is exaggerated in open water, due to the need to be able to breathe well above the horizontal in case of rough conditions and also the fact that a greater roll results in the larger back muscles being used to a greater degree rather than the smaller shoulder muscles.
Drill: Swimming in a streamlined position aim for an exaggerated body roll of up to 70° from the horizontal. This can be achieved by entering your hand in the water directly in front of your head. This will aid body roll. Start bringing the angle of roll down to approximately 45° by gradually bringing your hand entry in line with your shoulders. Remember to always roll from the hips!

Kick
(FC) Principally used to keep the legs up at the surface level to reduce drag. Therefore kicking should be as minimal as possible to achieve a horizontal position.
Drill: Again in a streamlined position, arms out in front, determine the least intensive kick pattern which keeps your legs in a horizontal position.
(BS) The leg kick provides the greatest contribution to propulsion and hence, unlike front crawl, is an integral part of open water breaststroke.
Drill: 3 leg kicks to 1 arm pull. Determine optimum leg position to achieve greatest distance.

Arm Pull
(FC) The arms contribute by far the most to front crawl propulsion. The two most important points are:

To keep your fingers to your elbow in a straight line. This will allow you to use your forearm, shoulder and back muscles.
Your elbow should always be higher than your fingertips. Again this will give you maximum leverage through the water.
(BS) Provides the secondary source of propulsion. Key points are:

Fully extend arms at end of recovery.
Elbows to bend to full 90˚ in propulsion phase.

 

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Distances to Achieve Prior to your Trip

 

 

 

Water Temperature Acclimatisation

The water temperatures vary considerably between our locations. However with all our swims you should have exposed yourself to the temperatures that you are likely to expect on the tour. These temperatures are available on the individual Trip Notes.

A person can adapt to open water temperatures, when exposed to these temperatures on a regular basis. After progressive training, shivering is produced at a later stage and more heat is produced through other mechanisms. These changes allow an acclimatised swimmer to comfortably remain in the water for longer periods. In fact experiencing mild hypothermia , (goose bumps & slight shivering) can help your acclimatisation process as your body learns to adjust to these lower temperatures.
Wearing a swimming hat will reduce by up to 20% the amount of heat lost through the body. Also by entering the water slowly, your body is given time to adapt. Splashing yourself on the way in will achieve this. When adjusting to cold water for the first time, swim for maybe only a few minutes on your first day and build up your times on subsequent visits.
Visits to the sea, lakes & rivers will help you to achieve this. Remember be safe and always swim near the shore.

And lastly don’t forget that we carry a stock of swimming specific wetsuits on our trips, so even after acclimatising, if you still find it on the cold side, then you just need to put one of these on.

Additional Training

Although not essential for a SwimTrek trip, the additional training suggestions outlined below may be of benefit for swimmers who would like to progress to longer distance swimming.

Other activities such as cycling and running are excellent at building your aerobic capacity and can be used to replace a weekly swim session.

Weight training can also be beneficial for open water swimming. However don't worry, there is no need to build large bulky muscle, as this would increase the body density and hence make swimming difficult. For distance swimming, lower weights and higher repetitions are preferred. As over 95% of propulsion is generally generated from the upper body, the shoulders, back and chest muscles should be at the centre of any training programme.

Stretching?

Stretching has been promoted for years as an essential part of a fitness program as a way to decrease the risk of injury, prevent soreness and improve performance. Current research suggests that stretching can decrease pain and soreness after exercise. However, no evidence supports the theory that stretching immediately before exercise can prevent overuse or acute injuries. In addition, the open water swimmer has another issue to think about, which doesn’t affect the pool swimmer to the same degree … Temperature Differentials.

When stretching on the shore prior to swimming we are likely to be at a higher ambient temperature than the water that we will be entering. Stretching will have the effect of elongating the muscles. On immersion in the lower temperature water these stretched muscles will then contract and hence lead to a greater chance of injury.
The greater difference between the air and the water temperatures, the greater chance there is for injury, if stretching is carried out prior to immersion.

However in pool swimming, stretching is still encouraged and widely practiced, due mostly to the similarities between air and water temperatures in the pool environment.
Therefore in conclusion, the lower the temperature of water that you are swimming in, the more likelihood, that stretching prior to immersion, will cause you damage. In the waters of Northern Europe and similar latitudes, stretching prior to swimming should be avoided while in the warmer waters of the Mediterranean and Australia for example, only a light stretching programme should be implemented.

A great way to loosen up when in the water, without initially stretching is for the first 5-10 minutes of your swim to carry out slow, long strokes and a slow and exaggerated body roll.

 

  

 

 
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Brighton & Hove
BN3 1FL, UK
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Email: Info@swimtrek.com
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